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philodendron splendid humidity Philodendron 'Splendid' – Foliage FactoryPhilodendron 'Splendid' (verrucosum x melanochrysum) Philodendron 'Splendid' is a velvet leaf climbing hybrid made by Keith Henderson in Australia, generally dated to the 1980s, using Philodendron verrucosum as the seed parent and Philodendron melanochrysum as the pollen parent. The name is often credited to Neil Crafter. The hybrid combines heart shaped velvet leaves, strong veining and a climbing stem. The plant grows from nodes with aerial roots
Philodendron 'Splendid' (verrucosum x melanochrysum)
Philodendron 'Splendid' is a velvet-leaf climbing hybrid made by Keith Henderson in Australia, generally dated to the 1980s, using Philodendron verrucosum as the seed parent and Philodendron melanochrysum as the pollen parent. The name is often credited to Neil Crafter. The hybrid combines heart-shaped velvet leaves, strong veining and a climbing stem.
The plant grows from nodes with aerial roots that attach more readily to a textured pole or board. Under steady warm conditions, its leaves can become larger, darker and more defined as the stem climbs.
Velvet leaves from two climbing parents
- Leaf surface: Leaves are velvety, dark green and strongly veined, with a soft sheen under angled light.
- Growth habit: A climbing Philodendron with nodes and aerial roots that attach more readily to a textured support.
- Parentage: Philodendron verrucosum is the seed parent and Philodendron melanochrysum is the pollen parent.
- Leaf development: Mature growth can show larger blades, stronger veining and a darker velvet surface.
What verrucosum and melanochrysum contribute
Philodendron verrucosum contributes the heart-shaped leaf outline, strong venation and velvet surface associated with the species. Philodendron melanochrysum contributes elongated dark velvet foliage, a strong climbing response and warm-toned venation. The result is a dark velvet hybrid with a broad leaf base, visible veins and a clear climbing habit.
New leaves mark easily while they are still expanding, so stable humidity, even root moisture and gentle handling matter during each leaf flush. Aerial roots respond best when they meet a lightly moist, textured surface and the potting mix remains open around the main roots.
Care for a velvet climbing Philodendron
- Light: Give bright indirect light. Velvet leaves can scorch in direct midday sun, while low light leads to longer internodes and smaller leaves.
- Watering: Water when the top 3–5 cm of substrate has dried. Keep moisture even, but never leave the root ball saturated for long periods.
- Substrate: Use an airy aroid mix with bark, coco chips, perlite or pumice, and a moisture-holding organic component. Fine, compact soil increases root-rot risk.
- Humidity: Aim for moderate to high humidity, especially while new leaves expand. A humidifier, grouped plants or a vitrine can help prevent stuck or torn growth.
- Temperature: Keep warm, ideally 20–27 °C. This hybrid grows poorly when roots are cold and wet.
- Support: Provide a moss pole, coco pole or textured board early. Tie the stem loosely so nodes and aerial roots can make contact.
- Feeding: Feed lightly during active growth. Velvet climbers respond better to steady nutrition than to strong fertiliser spikes.
- Repotting: Repot when roots fill the pot or the substrate breaks down. Keep the root ball supported during repotting to avoid snapping the climbing stem.
Signals from leaves, roots and support
- Small leaves on long internodes: Check light and support. A climbing stem without enough light or contact often produces stretched growth.
- Stuck new leaves: Check humidity, watering consistency and airflow. New velvet leaves are vulnerable while still rolled.
- Brown edges: Look for dry root stress, fertiliser build-up or air that is too dry around expanding leaves.
- Yellow leaves and soft roots: Check for dense substrate or watering before the mix has aired out. Refresh the mix if it has collapsed.
- Pest scarring: Inspect the newest leaves and undersides for thrips or spider mites. Velvet texture can hide early damage until the leaf expands.
Pet safety for Philodendron 'Splendid'
Philodendron 'Splendid' should be kept away from pets and small children. Like other Philodendron, it can contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that irritate the mouth and digestive tract if ingested. Wash hands after pruning, and keep cuttings out of reach.
Parent names and botanical meaning
Philodendron belongs to the Araceae family, and the genus name comes from Greek roots meaning “love” and “tree”, a reference to the tree-associated growth of many species. Philodendron verrucosum was first published by L. Mathieu ex Schott, and the epithet verrucosum means warty, matching the textured petiole character associated with the species. Philodendron melanochrysum was published by Linden and André; its epithet combines Greek roots for black and gold, matching the dark velvet leaf surface and warm vein colour that made the species known in cultivation.
Philodendron 'Splendid' develops dark velvet leaves, pronounced veining and a true climbing habit from two classic velvet Philodendron parents.
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4.1 ★★★★★
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Don’t slip around!
Color: Collagen
Love how these don’t slip around! Great to use while doing makeup on eyes to lift up the under eye area! Highly recommend
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Reviewed in the United States on May 26, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Amazing for under eyes!
Color: Collagen
I have pretty intense dark under eye bags and this product helps shrink them and moisturize the eye area all day! Also gives me a nice glow!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 26, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Understand the past to shape our future
Format: Kindle
I’m grateful Ray Dalio has shared his world view and his access to leading thinkers and valuable sources of data, to make me more aware and better prepared for what’s coming. I am also friends with Ray, and I trust him.
This book offers at least two major contributions.
First, the synthesis and integration of economic, social, and geopolitical history that presents a holistic view of how countries rise and fall. Leveraging his relationships with leading thinkers and historians, Ray gives us a way to understand the major forces, cycles, and paradigm shifts that can dramatically change the world around us. You would have to read dozens of well-chosen books to gain such an understanding, and you still may not have a comprehensive theory.
Second, the quantification of each major nation’s economic, cultural, and geopolitical health. With the support of Bridgewater’s multi-hundred-million-dollar research budget and team, Ray presents the key determinants of a country’s strengths and weaknesses through time, and relative to other countries. Seeing the most important long-term trends in charts provide useful perspectives that are unavailable elsewhere.
Here are some of my biggest take-aways.
Disorderly conflict is the pre-cursor to destructive conflict that is likely to be devastating for all of us. Both the winners and the losers of destructive actions are worse off relative to compromise, mutual understanding, and respect. As an American, I should not take for granted that I live in the most powerful country that has seen one of the longest periods of peace, economic growth, and innovation in global history. It’s not the norm, and if we aren’t careful, things could get a lot worse.
Invest in innovation. Both as an investor and as a citizen, innovation has been a powerful force for improving lives and driving economic growth.
We are likely in for a period of high inflation. The easiest way for the government to deal with high levels of debt is by printing money, using stimulus to spur economic growth, and keeping interest rates lower than nominal GDP growth. That is, to inflate their way out of debt. As an investor, he suggests avoiding long term holdings of cash and bonds. Instead, he recommends diversifying with assets that can do well in an inflationary environment, like highly dependable cash generating stocks, some gold (possibly a little cryptocurrency), and other scarce inflation-protected assets.
This book is a major contribution. I strongly recommend reading or listening to it. If you don’t have the time, at least read the first few pages of the introduction, the first chapter “The Big Cycle in a Tiny Nutshell”, chapter 8 "The Last 500 Years in a Tiny Nutshell", and the final chapter called “The Future”. I hope you found this helpful.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 5, 2021
★★★★★ 5
A Captivating Look at Empires and America’s Future
Format: Kindle
This is an extraordinary book. Although it’s written by an economist, it is anything but boring. The author does an outstanding job of examining multiple empires across hundreds of years. He analyzes the rise and fall of each empire by segmenting their respective histories into different cycles. He then identifies the various cycles that each empire goes through, from its initial rise to its eventually fall. Each cycle is sub divided into key indicators such as military strength, budget deficits, wealth gaps, education, etc. In the end, the author looks at the United States using this same cyclical methodology.
Mr. Dalio’s arguments and analysis are sound and make good sense. His interpretation and description of various historical events, especially those pertaining to the British and Dutch empires, are right on target. Throughout the book, he is consistent in the application of his analytic model. This is noteworthy as I felt his analysis of China to be slightly flawed. The author appears to have omitted certain elements of modern-day China; most notably is the pending population time bomb caused by their previous one child policy. China’s population is now shrinking. In addition, and unlike America, the Chinese seem culturally incapable of using immigration to solve their problem. This opposing view of China, however, does not detract from the author’s overall analysis. He is consistent in his analysis and cites other data which support counter arguments.
Bottom line, this book was far more interesting than I anticipated. Even though the author’s analysis is complex, the book is well written and easy to understand. The narrative is both captivating and entertaining. Overall, this is just a great book.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 17, 2023
★★★★★ 4
Is the United States Getting Close to Multiple Simultaneous Crises?
Format: Hardcover
In this book, Dalio presents his model of the rise and fall of "empires". The closer it gets to the present day the more interesting the book is. The last three chapters of the book which deal with the rise of China, the current tensions between China and the US, the United States's alleged decline and Dalio's conjectures regarding the future are five stars. The build up to the final three chapters is decent, although only occasionally riveting: The book is only three stars before the strong close.
It is hard to evaluate the merits of Dalio's historical model given that he is only presenting it at moderate depths so as to introduce it all in one volume. The model says that empires rise and fall, no surprise, and talks about the interplay of economic, internal, and external factors that take an empire through the cycle. Dalio also mentions that inside the Big Cycle there are other cycles, and inside those cycles other cycles. He does not, however, go into much detail regarding the sub-cycles. This sounds reminiscent of Robert Prechter's Elliot Waves or perhaps, even, pre-Copernican astrology. Is this a model so loose, like Elliot Waves, that it can be found to fit anything that could happen? Is it falsifiable? Along the way was the validity tested by approaching an empire that there was little prior knowledge of to make "forward predictions" regarding what would happen? Has Dalio merely cherry picked the three examples which best seem to demonstrate the soundness of the model while omitting more problematic cases? There is not enough in this book to do a rigorous analysis.
The United States Civil War is a good example of something I had trouble thinking about in terms of the model. According to the model the final stage in an empire's breakdown is civil war or revolution. In the case of the United States, however, the Civil War occurred while the United States was still ascendant: in stage 2 out of 6 with stage 3 being the peak. Certainly there was no debt crisis which caused the Civil War and the United States had little going on in terms of external conflict at the time. So perhaps that could have been taken as a "prediction" that the United States would almost certainly have survived the Civil War in tact? The truth, however, is that the South came very close to winning the Civil War, in the sense of being recognized as independent, according to McPherson's Battle Cry of Freedom.
Another thing that I am not sure how to evaluate using the model is the United States after the Civil War and after the Revolution. Although these were periods of rebuilding they do not seem to fit well into Dalio's model. After victory in these conflicts Americans were very magnanimous (as it was later after World War II). Far from being purged those who were on the wrong side of history ended up facing rather little in the way of consequences. So how does this fit into the model? Obviously, there will be some "rebuilding" after a Revolution or Civil War so is the model just saying there will be something which could not not happen? Indeed although the United States was vibrant after the Revolution, the period after the Civil War as described in Richard White's The Republic for Which it Standards seems in decline compared to the Antebellum period. According to Dalio's model, however, the United States was stage 2 rising into stage 3 during this period.
Regardless of the merits of the model, which would probably require many in depth books to evaluate fully, there is definitely some good high level overviews of Chinese, European, and American history. There are many interesting charts and statistics thrown in.
As mentioned, the close of the book is far and away the best part of it. Dalio describes the cultural differences between Americans and Chinese people and their different outlooks toward governing. Dalio does not seem to be pushing any political agenda, at least not too hard, but rather what he has carefully measured to be objectively true. Although clearly an admirer of much about China, he is also willing to criticize some aspects of China. At the same time, his criticism omits its surveillance state.
Looking forward Dalio presents some very interesting charts and statistics regarding America's growing internal conflicts. He even has a graph to show how bad it is now compared to early points in history. Dalio is willing to stick his neck out and quantify what his model is predicting as the probability of civil war in the United States and the probability of military war with China in the next decade.
Although very thought provoking overall, one particularly persistent problem throughout the book is that many of the charts are very hard to read. There are graphs with eight different lines with some of the colors very hard to distinguish between. The book also almost never references its sources. Indeed, given how much history Dalio has obviously studied, a bibliography, or at least a list of recommendations, would be very nice.
Dalio is very repetitive regarding the inevitable death of fiat currencies through money printing. At the same time he also does provide concrete advise of how to prepare. He gives some definite timelines and the dates are very close. To qualify this, somewhat, however, his company Bridgewater Associates has basically had a "lost decade" using his models to generate any kinds of returns since his departure around 2012. Nevertheless it is interesting to think about whether or the US is on the verge of multiple simultaneous crises.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 1, 2022